代码如下:

1 #ifndef QUEUE_H  2 #define QUEUE_H  3 #include "Exception.h"  4 #include 
     
        5   6 class EmptyQueueException : public Exception  7 {  8 public:  9     EmptyQueueException() 10         :Exception("read empty queue") 11     { } 12 }; 13  14 template 
      
        > 15 class Queue 16 { 17 public: 18  19     typedef T                                 value_type; 20     typedef T&                                reference; 21     typedef const T&                        const_reference; 22     typedef Container                         container_type; 23     typedef Container&                        container_reference; 24     typedef const Container&                const_container_reference; 25     typedef EmptyQueueException             exception_type; 26     typedef typename Container::size_type     size_type; 27  28  29     explicit Queue(const_container_reference cont = container_type()) 30         :_cont(cont) 31     { } 32  33     template 
       
         34     Queue
        
         (const Queue
         
           &s); 35  36     template 
          
            37 Queue
           
             &operator=(const Queue
            
              &s); 38 39 void push(const value_type &val) { _cont.push_back(val); } 40 41 void pop() 42 { 43 if(_cont.empty()) 44 throw exception_type(); 45 _cont.pop_front(); 46 } 47 48 reference front() 49 { 50 if(_cont.empty()) 51 throw exception_type(); 52 return _cont.front(); 53 } 54 55 const_reference front() const 56 { 57 if(_cont.empty()) 58 throw exception_type(); 59 return _cont.front(); 60 } 61 62 reference back() 63 { 64 if(_cont.empty()) 65 throw exception_type(); 66 return _cont.back(); 67 } 68 69 const_reference back() const 70 { 71 if(_cont.empty()) 72 throw exception_type(); 73 return _cont.back(); 74 } 75 76 bool empty() const { return _cont.empty(); } 77 size_type size() const { return _cont.size(); } 78 79 const_container_reference get_container() const 80 { return _cont; } 81 82 friend bool operator== (const Queue &a, const Queue &b) 83 { return a._cont == b._cont; } 84 85 friend bool operator!= (const Queue &a, const Queue &b) 86 { return a._cont != b._cont; } 87 88 friend bool operator>= (const Queue &a, const Queue &b) 89 { return a._cont >= b._cont; } 90 91 friend bool operator<= (const Queue &a, const Queue &b) 92 { return a._cont <= b._cont; } 93 94 friend bool operator> (const Queue &a, const Queue &b) 95 { return a._cont > b._cont; } 96 97 friend bool operator< (const Queue &a, const Queue &b) 98 { return a._cont < b._cont; } 99 private:100 container_type _cont;101 };102 103 template 
             
              104 template 
              
               105 Queue
               
                ::Queue(const Queue
                
                  &s)106 :_cont(s.get_container().begin(), s.get_container().end())107 { }108 109 template 
                 
                  110 template 
                  
                   111 Queue
                   
                     &Queue
                    
                     ::operator= (const Queue
                     
                       &s)112 {113 if((void *)this != (void *)&s)114 {115 _cont.assign(s.get_container().begin(), s.get_container().end());116 }117 return *this;118 }119 #endif
                     
                    
                   
                  
                 
                
               
              
             
            
           
          
         
        
       
      
     

测试代码如下:

1 #include "stack.hpp" 2 #include "queue.hpp" 3 #include 
     
       4 #include 
      
        5 #include 
       
         6 #include 
        
          7 #include 
         
           8 using namespace std; 9 10 int main(int argc, char const *argv[])11 {12 13     try14     {15         Queue
          
            > st;16 st.push("foo");17 st.push("bar");18 19 Queue
           
             > st2(st);20 //st2 = st;21 22 while(!st2.empty())23 {24 cout << st2.front() << endl;25 st2.pop();26 }27 28 st2.pop(); //引发异常29 }30 catch (const Exception& ex)31 {32 fprintf(stderr, "reason: %s\n", ex.what());33 fprintf(stderr, "stack trace: %s\n", ex.stackTrace());34 }35 36 return 0;37 }
           
          
         
        
       
      
     

测试结果如下:

foobarreason: read empty queuestack trace: ./a.out()./a.out()./a.out()./a.out()./a.out()/lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xe6)./a.out()